The Unexpected Origins of American Presidential Elections

Forget what you know about modern elections. Political rallies, relentless advertising, and social media blitzes are nowhere to be found in the story of America's first presidential election. The election of George Washington in 1789 was a unique event shaped by a nation finding its footing.

A Campaign Unlike Any Other

In 1789, the concept of a presidential campaign was non-existent. There were no political parties, primaries, or conventions. In fact, the election year itself was unusual – the only presidential election ever held in an odd year.

The Absence of Traditional Campaigning

• No political parties existed.
• Primaries and conventions were not part of the process.
• Candidates didn't actively campaign for the job.

Crafting a Presidency

Following the creation of the Constitution, the nation turned its attention to selecting its first leader. There was a general consensus, echoing Benjamin Franklin's sentiment, that George Washington was the ideal choice. As a celebrated hero of the Revolution and the presiding officer over the Constitutional Convention, Washington possessed unparalleled respect and credibility.

Washington's Unspoken Leadership

• He was the hero of the Revolution.
• He presided over the Constitutional Convention.
• He never openly sought the presidency.

The Electoral Process: A State-by-State Affair

The Constitution established an electoral system where each state received a number of electors who would vote for two individuals. The top vote-getter would become president, and the runner-up would serve as vice president. However, the method of selecting these electors was left to the discretion of each state.

Variations in Electing Electors

• Some states allowed popular vote (limited to white, property-owning men over 21).
• New Jersey even allowed some women to vote, a right later revoked.
• Other states opted for the legislature to choose electors, reflecting concerns about direct democracy.

Glitches and the Unanimous Victory

The first presidential election wasn't without its challenges. Only 10 of the 13 states participated. Rhode Island and North Carolina had not yet ratified the Constitution, and New York missed the deadline for appointing electors.

Despite these issues, the outcome was decisive. George Washington won unanimously, with John Adams finishing second and becoming the first vice president.

Imperfections in the Process

• Not all states participated in the election.
• Differing rules for selecting electors created inconsistencies.
• Despite the glitches, a clear winner emerged.

The Weight of Leadership

Upon learning of his victory, Washington, already prepared, journeyed to New York City, the temporary capital. He faced the daunting task of defining the role of the president.

Evolving Democracy

Since that first election, American democracy has undergone significant transformations. Constitutional amendments have expanded voting rights to include black men, women, Native Americans, and 18-year-olds. This expansion of suffrage represents a long and arduous struggle for inclusivity.

The Ongoing Pursuit of Inclusive Suffrage

• Voting rights have been extended to previously excluded groups.
• This expansion reflects a continuous effort to create a more representative democracy.

So, the next time you're bombarded with campaign ads and political messaging, remember the unique and imperfect origins of American presidential elections and the ongoing fight to ensure that the right to vote is extended to all.