Talos: The Myth of the First Robot

In ancient Greek mythology, the god of technology, Hephaestus, crafted an extraordinary invention: Talos, a bronze automaton designed to protect the island of Crete. King Minos sought an impenetrable defense system, leading Hephaestus to create this formidable guardian.

The Creation of a Bronze Giant

Hephaestus forged Talos in the shape of a giant man, endowing him with superhuman strength and powering him with ichor, the life fluid of the gods. This made Talos unlike any creation before him—the first robot.

Talos's Duties

• Talos patrolled the island's perimeter three times daily.
• He identified and attacked approaching ships by hurling massive boulders.
• Survivors who made it ashore faced Talos's red-hot metal body, which he used to crush them.

Talos executed his duties with unwavering precision, a true automaton.

The Encounter with Jason and the Argonauts

The Argonauts, led by Jason and accompanied by the sorceress Medea, sought refuge in Crete after their quest for the Golden Fleece. As they approached the island, Talos spotted them.

Medea noticed a bolt on Talos’s ankle and devised a plan. She offered Talos immortality in exchange for removing the bolt. Intrigued by the prospect of eternal life, Talos agreed.

The Downfall of Talos

Jason removed the bolt while Medea chanted incantations. The bolt was a critical weak point in Hephaestus’s design. When removed, the ichor flowed out, draining Talos of his power. The bronze giant collapsed, allowing the Argonauts to continue their journey.

Ancient Anxieties and Modern Echoes

This myth, dating back to roughly 700 BCE, reflects early anxieties about artificial intelligence. It also serves as an ancient blueprint for science fiction, exploring the line between human and machine.

Ancient Automatons

Historical accounts reveal that by the 4th century BCE, Greek engineers were creating actual automatons, including robotic servants and flying models of birds. While none achieved the fame of Talos, these creations demonstrate the ancient fascination with artificial life.

Talos appeared on Greek coins, vase paintings, public frescoes, and in theatrical performances, illustrating his cultural significance. The myth delves into questions about the robotic heart versus the robotic brain, a theme that resonates even today.

A Robot's Despair

An illustration on a vase from the fifth century BCE captures the dying automaton’s despair, depicting a tear rolling down his bronze cheek, highlighting the complex emotions attributed to this mechanical being.